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John André
John André (2 May 1750 – 2 October 1780) was a British Army officer hanged as a spy by the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War for assisting Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British.
==Early life==
André was born on 2 May 1750 in London to wealthy Huguenot parents, Antoine André, a merchant from Geneva, Switzerland, and Marie Louise Girardot, from Paris, France. He was educated at St Paul's School, at Westminster School and in Geneva. He was briefly engaged to Honora Sneyd. At age 20, he entered the British Army and joined his regiment, the 7th Royal Fusiliers, in Canada in 1774 as a lieutenant. He was captured at Fort Saint-Jean by General Richard Montgomery in November 1775, and held a prisoner at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He lived in the home of Caleb Cope, enjoying the freedom of the town as he had given his word not to escape. In December 1776, he was freed in a prisoner exchange. He was promoted to captain in the 26th Foot on 18 January 1777, and to major in 1778.
He was a great favorite in colonial society, both in Philadelphia and New York, during their occupation by the British Army. He had a lively and pleasant manner and could draw, paint and cut silhouette pictures, as well as sing and write verse. He was a fluent writer who carried on much of General Clinton's correspondence. He was fluent in English, French, German, and Italian. He also wrote many comic verses. He planned the Mischianza when General Howe resigned and was about to return to England.
During his nearly nine months in Philadelphia, André occupied Benjamin Franklin's house, from which it has been claimed that, on the orders of Major-General Charles Grey, he removed several valuable items, including an oil portrait of Franklin, when the British left Philadelphia. Grey's descendants returned Franklin's portrait to the United States in the early 20th century.
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